Your running/performance issue is gone; the machine running normally once again...cool biz. That's what matters.
I stand by what I said, that idle adjustments begin losing their impact once 1/8 throttle is reached, quickly tapering off to nothing long before WOT is approached. That's basic applied physics. Whatever it was that caused high-rpm bogging, under load...and the blackened plug, at high cruising speed, had nothing to do with idle mixture. Next time you have the carb off the bike, look through the venturi with the slide adjusted to proper idle speed. That tiny little opening is barely large enough to see light through...probably 1% of the venturi cross section. The pilot circuit has to deliver a matching amount of fuel and with tight precision, or you won't get a stable, solid, idle. The main fuel circuit is completely deactivated at idle. It would be a case of "never the twain shall meet"...except for the fact that the pilot circuit virtually doesn't matter above 1/4 to half throttle. Believe it, don't believe it...your call.
As for that "gray lever" it's a limiter cap for the pilot airbleed adjusting screw...an emission-compliance piece, similar to 1970s-80s automotive carburetors. Remember the hardened welch plugs that prevented adjusting the idle mixture on Quadrajets? Pretty silly stuff, back in the day.
Fyi these redesigned later series Kehin carbs, the few I've rebuilt & dialed-in, seem to work well within those limited, stock, parameters unless they are either in need of rebuilding...or too far gone to be rebuilt. In your dry climate, oxidation shouldn't be an issue and the carb ought to last another quarter century, as long as you don't let it sit, unused, with gasoline inside, for long periods of time.