Extricating the valves may take more force but, no magic by any means. Odds are good that the guides will clean-up, too. You need new valves, not a big deal. However, I'd take a close look at the rest of the valvetrain...rockers, cam, springs; rust and/or scoring on the contact surfaces of any of those parts means they're bracelet charms (except for the cam, it's big enough to be a paperweight).
OTOH, I think you're a bit optimistic about the cylinder. If the piston was binding due to rust & oxidation, it'll take at least a first OS cut to reach uniformly clean, solid, metal. And the rings are now scored, iron oxide is a tough abrasive. Don't be surprised if it needs to be taken out to second OS, due to a couple of deep pits. Rust pitting is anything but predictable. Since there was enough rust to seize the valves, the cylinder is unlikely to have fared any better...unless the piston was at TDC. The rust sez that it wasn't.
As for cleaning the case halves, there are only two options if you wish to preserve what remains of the as-cast surface...chemical cleaning and soft media blasting. Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), as found in oven cleaner, can do a pretty good job. It's a messy task. You'll want to remove the tranny bearings and use a nylon bristle scrub brush. Work quickly & rinse thoroughly and you should get a nice, bright, surface with most of what remains of the original surface largely left intact.Soft media blasting is quicker & cleaner but, the process is more specialized & riskier. Both processes have their pluses & minuses. Neither can restore damaged surfaces. Any pitting/oxidation etching will remain, with either process. Once the original surface is gone, it's gone, regardless of the cause..."can't make chicken salad from chickens**t". NaOH tends to leave behind a shinier-than-original surface but is accessible to the average DIYer. Soft media blasting can be gentler on the metal, depending on operator skill, but is harder to come by and costs more.